docker学习(一)-白红宇

docker学习(一)

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发布时间：2019-06-09

本文共 6169 字，大约阅读时间需要 20 分钟。

atomic使用有点费劲，我改为centos7来做为学习环境。

1 安装

epel源就自带，目前版本是1.10.3

yum -y install dockerdocker versionClient: Version:         1.10.3 API version:     1.22 Package version: docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 Go version:      go1.6.3 Git commit:      d381c64-unsupported Built:           Thu Aug  4 13:21:17 2016 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64Server: Version:         1.10.3 API version:     1.22 Package version: docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 Go version:      go1.6.3 Git commit:      d381c64-unsupported Built:           Thu Aug  4 13:21:17 2016 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

2 使用加速器下载镜像

国内访问docker.io剧慢，好在daocloud有号称终身免费的加速器，使用方法如下

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://682e782c.m.daocloud.io

不过这条命令运行后加速没什么效果，因为set_mirror.sh脚本有问题

if grep "CentOS Linux release 7" /etc/redhat-release > /dev/null        then            if [[ "$docker_version" -lt 12 ]]            then                 sudo sed -i "s|ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon|ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon --registry-mirror="$MIRROR_URL"|g" /lib/systemd/system/docker.service                sudo systemctl daemon-reload            else                sudo sed -i "s|^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd$|ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --registry-mirror="$MIRROR_URL"|g" /lib/systemd/system/docker.service                sudo systemctl daemon-reload            fi        echo "Success."        echo "You need to restart docker to take effect : sudo systemctl restart docker "                exit 0        else            echo "Error: Set mirror failed, please set registry-mirror manually please."            exit 1        fi

脚本里是ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon，docker.servicej里实际是ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker-current daemon，所以在后面手工加上--registry-'mirror=http://682e782c.m.daocloud.io'

更改完后，别忘记执行

systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker

3 下载镜像

docker pull centos:6Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... 6: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos08a7a0bb6122: Pull complete Digest: sha256:cd6d68000b47a91e7c94b558d7e3e653c3f0eac1a77842d97b0b7ad955cad608Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/centos:6docker pull centos:7Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... 7: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos3d8673bd162a: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a66ffcb73930584413de83311ca11a4cb4938c9b2521d331026dad970c19adf4Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/centos:7docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEdocker.io/centos    6                   a3c09d36ab4a        3 weeks ago         194.6 MBdocker.io/centos    7                   970633036444        3 weeks ago         196.7 MB

4 建立交互型容器

docker run -i -t centos:6 /bin/bash[root@cab9ff817b6b /]# hostnamecab9ff817b6b[root@cab9ff817b6b /]# cat /etc/hosts...172.17.0.2  cab9ff817b6b[root@cab9ff817b6b /]# ifconfig eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02            inet addr:172.17.0.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0          inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:648 (648.0 b)  TX bytes:648 (648.0 b)lo        Link encap:Local Loopback            inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 [root@cab9ff817b6b /]# yum install vim [root@cab9ff817b6b /]# exitdocker run --name web-01 -i -t centos:6 /bin/bash

5 启动容器

docker start cab9ff817b6bcab9ff817b6bdocker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMEScab9ff817b6b        centos:6            "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 4 seconds                            suspicious_bosedocker attach cab9ff817b6b附着容器，可以理解登录容器的交互界面

6 建立守护型容器

docker run --name test_01 -d centos:6 /bin/sh -c 'while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done'c7d4781438a7a83d51324c0f2ed1237ab8a61a7b64911f20bc99ceeaf4e27955docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMESc7d4781438a7        centos:6            "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   9 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds                            test_01docker rm c7d4781438a7Failed to remove container (c7d4781438a7): Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -fdocker stop c7d4781438a7c7d4781438a7docker rm c7d4781438a7c7d4781438a7

7 容器状态

docker top fb6b7ef0ef52UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMDroot                22974               21672               1                   03:12               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; doneroot                23031               22974               0                   03:12               ?                   00:00:00            sldocker logs fb6b7ef0ef52docker logs -f fb6b7ef0ef52

8 在容器内部运行进程

docker exec -d fb6b7ef0ef52 touch /etc/new_config_filedocker exec -i -t fb6b7ef0ef52 /bin/bash[root@fb6b7ef0ef52 /]# ls /etc/new_config_file /etc/new_config_file

8 自动重启容器

docker run --restart=always --name test_01 -d centos:6 /bin/sh -c 'while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done'或者异常退出，自动重启5次--restart=on-failure:5

9 获取更多容器信息

docker inspect fb6b7ef0ef52docker inspect --format '{
      {.Name}} {
      {.State.Running}}' fb6b7ef0ef52/test_01 true

杀死所有running状态的容器docker kill $(docker ps -q)删除所有已经停止的容器docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)删除所有\’untagged/dangling\’ ()状态的镜像docker rmi $(docker images -q -f dangling=true)删除所有镜像：docker rmi $(docker images -q)